Burner for liquid fuel.



J. J. KERMODB.

BURNER FOR LIQUID FUEL.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 18.1908. 1,097,235. 4 Patented May19,1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

21 1 A 2 77; 1.9 w 141 A //'//I/ ,VA/A 9 km 20 17 10 5 i g z 15 COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH c0., WASHINGTON, D. c.

J. J. KERMODE.

BURNER FOR LIQUID FUEL.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 18, 1908.

1,097,235, Patented May 19, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

m r/mam 1 n 0mm. 2mm

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH c0.,\vAsHINGToN. D. i.

J. J. KERMODE.

BURNER FOR LIQUID FUEL.

APPLICATION FILED my 18, 190B.

Patented May 19, 1914;

3 SHEETBSHE ET 3.

JOHN JONATHAN KERMODE, OF LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND.

BURNER FOR LIQUID FUEL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed May 18, 1908.

Patented May 19, 1914.

Serial No. 433,555.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN JONATHAN KERMQDE, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and residing at Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Burners for Liquid Fuel, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to burners for liquid fuel of that class which comprises an outer tubular barrel, an inner tubular barrel, and a central adjustable spindle for regulating the flow of oil, the construction being shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l is a sectional elevation and Fig. 2 a plan of the burner; Fig. 3 is a View analogous to Fig. 1, showing a modification, and the remaining figures (4; to 13) are fragmentary views of details; Fig. 4 corresponds with the right hand part of Fig. 1, but the inner barrel 2 with its plug end 12 is not in section; Fig. 5 is a side view of the plug end of the inner barrel 2, and Figs. 6 and 7 are end views of the latter; Fig. 8 is an end View of the inner barrel 2 of Fig. 3; Fig. 9 is a cross-section on the line A-A of Fig. 1; and Fig. 10 is a detached View of the flange 81; Fig. 11 is a view of the end portion of the central spindle 3, and Figs. 12 and 18 are sectional views of the capped nut 8 with alternative forms of renewable nozzle.

The burner comprises broadly a main body 1, an inner barrel 2 fitted concentrically within the main body and a central spindle 3 fitted within the inner barrel. The main body 1 is of tubular form with a flange 4 for attachment to the furnace front 5, and a branch 6 for the introduction of the oil, which is pumped into the burner under considerable pressure. The front end of the main body which enters the furnace 7 is closed by a capped nut 8 having a small central perforation 9 forming the nozzle, or the perforation 9 is formed in'a renewable plate 34:, and the rear end is adapted for the attachment of the inner barrel 2, which is fixed concentrically within the main body 1.

The inner barrel 2 is fixed fluid-tight at screwed thereinto and secured with a lock nut 10, or by means of a flange and bolts as shown in Figs. 3 and 8, or by an equivalent device. The inner barrel 2 is tubular for the reception of the central spindle 3 and its external diameter from the oil inlet 6 is smaller than the internal diameter of the main body so as to leave an annular passage 11 for the oil. The front end of the inner barrel is, however, enlarged so as to form a plug end 12 which fits the bore of the main body and abuts against the cap 13 of the capped nut, or the renewable plate 34 therein. Three or more oil grooves 14 are cut longitudinally in the plug end 12 of the inner barrel and continued across its the angular position can be accurately read against a fixed pointer 21. The end 22 of the central spindle, (shown in Fig. 11), is preferably flat, except for a small central conical projection 23 adapted to act as a valve in conjunction with the central perforation 9 forming the nozzle opening in the cap 13 of the capped nut, or in the renewable plate 34:.

The oil entering at the inlet 6, fiows along the annular oil passage 11 between the main body 1 and the inner barrel 2, then through the oil grooves 1 1 and 15 in the plug part of the inner barrel and then through the nozzle opening 9, the available area at the latter being determined by the adjustment of the central spindle 3. It will be noted that the oil flows to the nozzle opening in three or more small streams meeting radially or tangentially at the nozzle, and the effect is to very effectually break up or spray the oil, especially in the tangential groove arrangement, (Fig. 6) as the effect is to give a whirling movement to the oil. The inner or furnace end of the nozzle is widely flared or countersunk, as shown at 24, so as to promote the dispersion of the oil.

As it is necessary that the plug end 12 of the inner barrel should abut closely against the capped nut 8 or the renewable plate 3a as the case may be so as to leave no passage for the oil except through the grooves 15, the flange joint 25 by which it is attached to the main body, in the modification shown in Fig. 3, is preferably made metal to metal without any inserted packing, and to make the joint oil-tight, the surfaces may be circularly serrated or corrugated, as indicated at 26.

In some cases it is desirable to introduce a small supply of air under pressure along with the oil as it assists materially in breaking up and dispersing the oil. In this case I fit a small air vessel 27 to the upper part of the main body, as shown in Fig. 3. The air may be forced by a pump provided for the purpose and introduced through an air branch 28.

As the conical point 23 of the spindle 3 and the nozzle hole 9 are subject to wear or corrosion, and it is desirable to preserve their form and dimensions accurately in order that the burner may maintain its highest efficiency, these parts may be made renewable, with advantage. The front portion of the spindle 3 may therefore be made detachable and attached to the other part by screwing as shown in Fig. 11 or it may be quite detached as shown at 3 in Fig. 3 and a spiral spring 29 interposed between the parts. The object of the spring 29 is to serve as a buffer to prevent the deformation of the surface of the conical point 23 or the sharp edge of the nozzle hole 9 by the use of undue force when the spindle 3 is screwed forward to close the nozzle. As the fiat end of the part 3 cannot come into contact with the inner face of the capped nut 8, or the renewable plate 34 as the case may be, the pressure of the oil serves to drive back the part 3 when the spindle 3 is retracted. The nozzle hole 9 may be formed in a detachable plug 33, (see Fig. 12), adapted to be screwed into the capped nut 8, or the hole may be formed in a loose disk 34, see Fig. 3 and Fig. 13 (in which these parts are shown detached), preferably of hardened steel, adapted to be inserted in the cavity of the capped nut 8 and gripped in position by screwing up the latter.

As the furnace front is very hot it is desirable that the burner should be very readily'attachable and detachable. A convenient arrangement is to make the flange a of the main body with two or three radial projections such as 30, and to fit an undercut flange 31 on the furnace front, the latter flange being notched out as at 32 so that the burner flange can be inserted and then secured by a partial rotation.

The efficiency of a burner of this class depends largely upon the thorough dispersion of the oil and the facility with which the parts can be cleaned and renewed if need be, and the construction described is designed to meet these requirements. The oil is constricted through small passages right up to the nozzle so that it reaches the latter at high velocity, and the manner in which the oil is arranged to impinge in small opposing or tangential streams against the conical point 23 is very effective in dispersing the oil. By withdrawing the inner barrel 2 with 1 its plug end and removing the capped nut 8,

all parts requiring cleaning are immediately accessible. The capped nut 8 may be made integral with the main body 1, but from considerations of cleaning and renewal, it is obviously of advantage to have it detachable.

Having now fully described my invention, I declare that what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a burner for liquid fuel, a main body having an oil inlet and nozzle outlet, an inner barrel, a series of oil grooves therein, an adjustable central spindle fitting within the ,inner barrel provided with a conical point to regulate the area of the nozzle outlet, the said oil grooves converging toward and directing the oil against the conical point so as to atomize the oil.

2. In a burner for liquid fuel, a main body having a nozzle outlet at the furnace end, an inlet for oil, an inner barrel having a plug end in the face of which are cut oil grooves in the same plane for directing oil in a number of fine streams, an adjustable central spindle provided with a conical point to regulate the area of the nozzle opening, the oil impinging against said point to atomize the same and an air vesstl having an inlet to the space between the main body and inner barrel, substantially as described.

3. In a burner for liquid fuel, a main body having an oil inlet and a nozzle outlet at the furnace end; an inner barrel having a plug end which fits the bore of the main body at the furnace end, in which plug end are cut axial and radial oil grooves; the said inner barrel being attached to the main body at the end remote from the furnace end, and having between the oil grooves and the oil inlet a diameter less than the diameter of the bore of the main body; a central spindle having at one end a conical point adapted to regulate the area of the nozzle outlet, the end of the said spindle carrying the said point being connected to the main portion of the spindle by elastic means; substantially as described.

4. In combination with a main body having an oil inlet and a nozzle outlet, a central spindle having a conical point, an inner barrel having a central passage for said spindle and a plug end in the periphery and face of my hand in the presence of" two subscribing which are cut passages for the oil, the face Witnesses. passages arranged tangentially but discharg- JOHN JONATHAN KERMODE.

ing against the conical point, substantially Witnesses: 5 as described. ROBERT A. SLoAN, In testimony whereof I have hereunto set JOSEPH HIRST.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C. 

